History Lessons

The articles below provide access to valuable resources, including articles, videos, and courses that deepen knowledge and civic engagement.

Lansford Hastings and the Cutoff That Cost Weeks

A lawyer with ambitions in Mexican California proposed a shorter road west before he had traveled it himself ...
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The Oregon Treaty of 1846: How Washington and London Stepped Back from the Brink

Expansionists rallied around a slogan demanding U.S. control to 54°40′, near the southern boundary of Russian America—but the ...
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Narcissa Whitman: The Letters That Made Oregon Imaginable

Her 1836 journey and the letters she sent home did not create the Oregon Trail migration by themselves—but ...
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Jesse Applegate: A Trailblazer Who Found a Safer Road West

How a surveyor’s grief over a family tragedy on the Columbia River led him to blaze a safer ...
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The Great Moon Hoax of 1835: How The New York Sun Put Bat-Men on the Moon

For six days in August 1835, a struggling New York newspaper told its readers that a celebrated astronomer ...
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Kit Carson: Frontier Fame, War, and the Navajo Long Walk

How an illiterate Missouri runaway became the most famous frontiersman in America — and how a fuller reckoning ...
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Nat Turner and the Southampton Rebellion of 1831

How two nights of violence in a Virginia county reshaped the laws of the American South — and ...
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Mary Ellen Pleasant: Fortune, Freedom, and a Fight for Equal Rights

How a shrewd Gold Rush businesswoman built a fortune, backed the abolitionist cause, and took racial exclusion in ...
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Luzena Stanley Wilson: Rebuilding a Life in Gold Rush California

How a Missouri farmwife turned a biscuit, a hotel, and a hard-won legal right into a life that ...
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Missouri Statehood and the Missouri Compromise of 1820

On August 10, 1821, Missouri became the 24th state. Getting there required one of the most consequential — ...
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James Marshall and John Sutter: The Discovery That Changed America

How a chance discovery by James Marshall at a remote sawmill transformed California, the United States, and the ...
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America’s First Income Tax: A Civil War Turning Point

Signed into law on August 5, 1861, America's first federal income tax was enacted as part of Congress's ...
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